Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing scaffolds have been exploited for use with implantable materials in order to reduce the foreign body response, which often leads to implant isolation, malfunction, and degradation. Releasing NO from an implant’s surface has been proven to reduce symptoms of inflammation, including the recruitment of macrophages, at the site of insult with associated improvement to sensor response for implantable glucose sensors. Based on these results, we have focused on characterizing the spectrum of macrophage polarization induced by NO release with the goal of rational design for higher performance NO-releasing implants. Our hypothesis is that macrophages stimulated with low levels of exogenous NO will behave in an anti-inflammatory fashion, consistent with previous findings. In this work, in vitro assays were adapted to characterize whether NO release promotes more pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization states. Compared to unstimulated macrophages, glucose consumption proved to be enhanced for pro-inflammatory macrophages, but lowered for anti-inflammatory macrophages. The application of this glucose consumption assay to macrophages stimulated with various NO-delivery scaffolds will also be discussed.

Determining nitric oxide-induced macrohage polarization via glucose consumption

254th National Meeting (2017)

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