Many biological materials derive function from spatial and hierarchical control of structure and composition. In synthetic materials, programmable control of shape, modulus, and microstructure is needed to better mimic the functionality of complex natural tissues. Liquid crystal self-assembly provides a versatile strategy to program smart materials. By directing the self-assembly of liquid crystal elastomers, the highly anisotropic mechanical properties, including thermally-induced or chemically-induced shape change exhibited by these materials, can be designed in 3D. We will discuss directing self-assembly through controlled interactions at interfaces and through additive manufacturing (Figure). Furthermore, strategies to enable liquid crystalline hydrogels that change shape in response to changes in physiological conditions will be described. Specifically, we will discuss the polymerization and characterization of chromonic liquid crystals based on chiral and achiral methacrylate-derivatives of perylene diimide. These liquid crystalline materials provide a strategy towards mimicking the multifunctionality of highly complex biological materials. It is expected that these active, designed monoliths may be leveraged in applications such as coatings for implantable devices or active consumer goods.

Programmed stimulus response in liquid crystal elastomers and hydrogels

254th National Meeting (2017)

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