We will focus on recent progress in understanding the 73 anomalies of water, by combining information provided by recent experiments and simulations on water in bulk, nanoconfined and biological environments designed to test the hypothesis that liquid water has behavior consistent with the novel phenomenon of ``liquid polymorphism'' in that low-temperature water can exist in two distinct phases [1]. We will utilize the properties of the Widom line---the locus of maximum correlation length---which can be measured experimentally at temperatures well above the critical temperature. Finally, we will discuss how the general concept of liquid polymorphism is proving useful in understanding anomalies in other liquids, such as silicon, silica, and carbon which have in common that they are characterized by two characteristic length scales in their interactions. This work has been supported by the NSF Chemistry Division grant CHE-1213217 and was performed in collaboration with, among others, C. A. Angell, S. V. Buldyrev, S.-H. Chen, D. Corradini, P. G. Debenedetti, G. Franzese, P. Kumar, E. Lascaris, F. Mallamace, O. Mishima, P. H. Poole, S. Sastry, F. Sciortino, and L. Xu.

Are there two forms of liquid water? Can the Widom Line settle the dispute?

254th National Meeting (2017)

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