Miniaturized energy-storage components are of great significance to the autonomous operation of microelectronics. Microbatteries based on three-dimensional (3D) electrode architectures are considered to be a viable route to simultaneously achieve high energy and high-power density. Despite the progress in microelectrode fabrication, reports of high-performance, fully integrated 3D microbatteries are still limited. It is challenging to integrate elements with complicated 3D topography and feature dimensions spanning from tens of nanometers to millimeter scales. Besides, the material’s low ionic and electronic conductivities compromise the merits of the 3D design and prevent the battery from achieving high power density. Here, a lithium-ion microbattery made from LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles and gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is presented and is shown to possess superior capacity retention (40% at 300 C) and high-power density (855.5 W cm-2m-1) comparable to some of the best microsupercapacitors. The sub-10 nm LiMn2O4 (LMO) and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) nanoparticles were obtained by green, solvothermal synthesis. In addition, a non-crystalline random copolymer, poly (dopamine acrylamide)-co-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PDMA-co-PEG500) was developed as the separator and subsequently a GPE after complexation with LiClO4 liquid electrolyte. LMO nanoparticles were imprinted into high aspect ratio, 3D microelectrode and the stacked full cell was constructed by coating the electrode with polymer separator and LTO/mesoporous carbon composite ink in a simple layer-by-layer manner. The fabrication strategy proposed here can also be applied to other electroactive materials. This work provides a combinatorial approach of material synthesis, processing and device design for achieving high-performance microbatteries.

Imprinted three-dimensional lithium-ion microbattery with supercapacitor-like power density

256th National Meeting (2018)

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