Oxidative and nitrosative stress, the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), respectively, hinder the normal functioning and induces damaging effect to the cellular machinery. ROS and RNS are generated as byproducts of numerous metabolic reactions, in many disease states and under inflammatory conditions. Specially formulated nanoceria mimics the catalytic properties of antioxidative enzymes and induces protective effect through regenerative scavenging potential and ameliorates the disease states further. Nanoceria exhibits unique regenerative antioxidant properties and has found its potential application in nanomedicine. In general, nanoceria exhibits novel surface properties in terms of redox active Ce+3/Ce+4 ratios and change in nanoparticle morphology which depends on the different synthesis methodology. The nanoceria synthesized through wet chemistry are ultra small and their biomimetic properties are dependent on synthesis procedure. Based on its synthesis methodology, nanoceria has been developed for scavenging of different toxic ROS and RNS molecules including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite molecules. Nanoceria has been found to accelerate the wound healing process through reducing the oxidative/nitrosative damage and inducing proliferative effect on the migration of keratinocytes, fibroblast and vascular endothelial cells. Nanoceria in conjugation with other biomolecules (i.e. mRNA) has been observed to promote the wound healing in diabetic mice by reducing the oxidative stress environment and promoting macrophage transition. Nanoceria has also been found to actively induce significant cytotoxic, proapoptotic and anti-invasive effects onto human derived melanoma and squamous tumor cells. Redox active nanoceria also acts in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs towards inhibiting the tumor growth in-vitro and in-vivo as well. Further, nanoceria’s regenerative properties was also explored for coating of metal implants with SOD/Catalase mimetic activity to prevent osteolysis. Therefore, these inorganic nano-enzyme mimics can be used in nanomedicine, enabling unique ROS/RNS scavenging potential for mitigating oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Nanoceria antioxidative mimetic enzymes (NAME)

256th National Meeting (2018)

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