<br/>Enzyme based electrochemical biosensors have been used in medical care; representative being the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose sensing (CGM) system. CGM together with the combination of sensor augmented insulin infusion technologies is currently the most advanced biomedical engineering in diabetes therapy, which was recently approved as the first automated insulin delivery device for type 1 diabetes. Three principles have been reported for electrochemical sensors employing redox enzymes, since the first glucose sensor to measure glucose using oxidase (GOx) in 1950’s, ever since the enzyme stands as the gold standard biosensing enzyme. Among them, the third-generation sensors employ the direct electron transfer (DET) principle is expected as ideal for the implantable devices. In this principle, no electron mediator or oxygen is used, eliminating toxic artificial electron mediators and avoiding errors due to variations in the concentration of oxygen in blood samples. However, enzymes capable of DET are limited. GOx and fungi-derived flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) FADGDHs, which are the most common enzymes in SMBG systems, are difficult to achieve DET, since their redox cofactor, FAD, is buried deeply in the protein molecules. One of the most prominent GDH capable of DET is the FADGDH complex derived from <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>. This bacterial FADGDH complex comprises the following three distinct subunits (Figure).<br/>In this paper, we present our current challenging achievement in the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of DET, and its potential application to propose novel biosensing technologies based on DET, including amperometric, potentiometric and impedometric sensing devices which will be used for the future wearable and implantable biosensing devices.

Wearable and implantable biosensing technologies based on the direct electron transfer principle

256th National Meeting (2018)

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