Crinum jagus (Amarylidaceae) is a plant widely used in Africa as antitumoral, antiviral antiparasitory and immuno stimulator. It is also used in traditional medicine in the treatment of all forms of convulsive state. This study screened fully matured and averagely matured Crinum jagus bulb crude aqueous extracts for their phytochemicals quantitatively and also determined their antioxidant activity using five different methods. The quantitative phytochemicals screening revealed predominantly phenolics in both fully matured and averagely matured bulbs extracts ( 171.86±3.25 and 127.84±9.26 mg/100g respectively). This was followed by total flavonoids (79.67± 3.92 and 66.89±1.57 mg/100g respectively), cardiac glycosides (66.39±3.27 and 55.74±1.32 respectively), and then tannins (57.29±1.08 and 42.62±3.09 respectively) amongst others. These phytochemicals were higher in the aqueous extract of fully matured Crinum jagus bulb extract than in the averagely matured extract. Alkaloids (0.09±0.01 and 0.12±0.01 mg/100g), saponnin(19.23±0.95 and 28.20±1.13 mg/100g),anthroquinone (21.61±1.28 and 27.48±0.86 mg/100g), and phytates (14.29±0.09 and17.40±0.80 mg/100g ) were higher in aqueous extract of averagely matured bulb extract than in fully matured bulb extract respectively. The respective contents of other phytochemicals in mg/100g in the bulbs are; terpenoids: 18.11±0.62 and 15.72±0.53 , oxalates: 2.45±0.16 and 1.87±0.13, and steroids 11.1±0.61 and 9.39±0.56.The presence of these compounds gives C. jagus bulb its various medicinal properties. The DPPH method revealed greater antioxidant activity in the aqueous extract of averagely matured bulb (51.82±0.80 DPPH % inhibition and 382.48±6.78 DPPH mmol/g vit C equivalent) than in fully matured bulb(46.04±0.64 DPPH % inhibition and 333.58±5.42 DPPH mmol/g vit c equivalent). So also total antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extract of averagely matured bulb (57.51±1.11 total antioxidant mg/g AAE, and 20.25±1.15 mg/gGAE) was higher than that of fully matured bulb extract (51.98±1.03 total antioxidant mg/g AAE, and 15.92±1.25 mg/gGAE). Fully matured bulb extract has higher antioxidant activity in FRAP, TEAC and nitric oxide scavenging activity. It can be concluded based on the results of this study that the mixture of both the fully matured bulbs and the averagely matured bulbs will give the best result in terms of its medicinal use.

Comparison study of the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of fully matured and averagely natured Crinum jagus bulbs

2019 Fall National Meeting

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