A graphene oxide (GO) film was functionalized with metal (Au) and metal-oxide (MoOx) nanoparticles (NP) as a hole-extraction layer for high-performance inverted planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSC). These NP can decrease the work function of GO, confirmed with XPS, KPFM and UPS measurements. The down-shifts of the work functions led to a decreased level of potential energy and hence increased Voc of the PSC devices. Although the GO-AuNP film showed rapid hole extraction and increased Voc, a Jsc improvement was not observed because of localization of the extracted holes inside the AuNP that led to rapid charge recombination, confirmed with transient photoelectric measurements. The efficiency of power conversion (PCE) of the GO-AuNP device attained 14.6 %, which is comparable with that of the GO-based device (14.4 %). In contrast, the rapid hole extraction from perovskite to the GO-MoOx layer did not cause trapping of holes and delocalization of holes in the GO film accelerated rapid charge transfer to the ITO substrate; charge recombination in the perovskite/GO-MoOx interface was hence significantly retarded. The GO-MoOx device consequently showed significantly enhanced Voc and Jsc, for which its device performance attained PCE 16.7 % with great reproducibility and enduring stability.

Functionalization of graphene oxide film with Au and MoOx nanoparticles as efficient p-contact electrode for perovskite solar cells

2019 Fall National Meeting

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