A single device combining the functions of a CO2 electrolyzer and a formate fuel cell is a new option for carbon-neutral energy storage but entails rapid, reversible and stable interconversion between CO2 and formate over a single catalyst electrode. We have reported a new catalyst with such functionalities based on a Pb-Pd alloy system that reversibly restructures its phase, composition and morphology and thus alters its catalytic properties under controlled electrochemical conditions. Under cathodic conditions, the catalyst is relatively Pb-rich and is active for CO2-to-formate conversion over a wide potential range; under anodic conditions, it becomes relatively Pd-rich and gains stable catalytic activity for formate-to-CO2 conversion. The bifunctional activity and superior durability of our Pb-Pd catalyst leads to a proof-of-concept demonstration of an electrochemical cell that can switch between the CO2 electrolyzer/formate fuel cell modes and can stably operate for 12 days.

Cooperative catalysis for electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion and energy storage

2019 Fall National Meeting

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