The physical and chemical properties of inland waters necessary to support life are rapidly changing across continental and regional scales. Widespread increases in water temperatures, salinity, alkalinity, and pH have been documented in inland waters influencing ion exchange, chemical weathering rates, and contaminant toxicity. In particular, salinization with different ions causes concurrent changes in acid-base properties, contaminant mobilization, and can exacerbate water quality issues. These emerging environmental symptoms and consequences of salinization are known as the Freshwater Salinization Syndrome. Here, we analyze trends in salts in streams and rivers draining different regions. We then show seasonal interactions between salt mixtures and nutrients and metals, which influence watershed chemical transport. We also show experimental and sensor data illustrating the interactive effects of salts on influencing mobilization of nutrients, base cations, and metals. Ultimately, we propose a new conceptual model on how the Freshwater Salinization Syndrome can influence hydrologic transport of multiple 'chemical cocktails' from watersheds and its implications for managing modern water quality.

Freshwater salinization syndrome: Causes, consequences, and chemical cocktails

2019 Fall National Meeting

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