Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a group of 572 humid tropical islands and isles distributed in the Bay of Bengal. These islands are home to about 2,600 species of flowering plants of which 300 taxa are endemic in nature. The aboriginal tribes and settler communities of these remotely situated islands have been dependent on many of these native species for food, medicine, fodder, timber and other purposes. Systematic studies were undertaken to explore the horticultural potential of selected native plant genetic resources and to prioritize them for domestication based on their prospects in providing nutritional and livelihood security. Blood fruit (Haematocarpus validus, Menispermaceae) was identified as novel tropical fruit crop and a source of Pelargonidin and Cyanidin. Endemic species viz. Garcinia dhanikhariensis and Garcinia andamanica (Clusiaceae) were recommended for commercial exploitation as nutritious fruits, acidulants and processed products. FAME analysis of seed fats of six native Garcinia species revealed industrial potential of these species. For Curcuma mangga (Zingiberaceae), a medicinal spice, suitable agro-techniques and micropropagation protocols were developed. GC-MS profiling of rhizome essential oil revealed presence of β- Myrcene and Cyclofenchene as dominant compounds. Woody pepper (Piperaceae) was identified as a novel spice in which stem pieces of the vines were employed as spice. Woody pepper based cropping system models for cultivation are being evaluated for their commercial feasibility. Semi-intensive models for commercial cultivation of a minor spice- Culantro (Eryngium foetidum, Apiaceae) were developed. These interventions involving sustainable exploitation of native genetic resources of vulnerable tropical islands could not only provide livelihood opportunities but also offer nutritional security to the dwellers of these far-flung tropical islands.

Exploring native diversity of fruits and spices in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India for nutritional and livelihood security

ACS Spring Meeting 2021

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