The development of effective antimicrobial
agents is urgently needed due to the emergence of new pathogenic,
drug-resistant microorganisms. Herein, a bioactive core-shell structured
silicon-based NiOOH nanoflower (Si@NiOOH) was prepared using modified chemical
bath deposition, and its antibacterial mechanism was investigated using the
redox reaction with ascorbic acid, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area
analysis, and metal ion-release tests under physiological conditions. Si@NiOOH
exhibited a flower-like structure with high surface area, released low amount
of Ni(III) ion, and was spontaneously reduced by ascorbic acid. The
bactericidal rate of Si@NiOOH was 99.9% toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus at 200 μg/mL, which was significantly
higher than maximum 4.7% achieved by silicon nanoparticles. Si@NiOOH maintained
its original morphology after killing the bacteria and exhibited negligible
cytotoxicity against mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These results indicate that
the excellent antibacterial activities of Si@NiOOH are primarily derived from
its high surface area and/or oxidative reaction by positive metal ions on the
surface, rather than an inflow of antibacterial metal ions released from the
nanoflower into cells. The high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity of
nanoflower makes it promising therapeutic tools for wound healing, medical
devices, and implants.

High Bioactive Silicon-based NiOOH Nanoflower toward Various Bacteria including MRSA and Its Antibacterial Mechanism

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