This paper describes an investigation into the off-design performance comparison of single and two-shaft gas turbine engines. A question that has been asked for a long time in which gas turbine delivers a better thermal efficiency at part load. The authors, notwithstanding their intensive searches, were unable to find a comprehensive answer to this question. A detailed investigation was carried out using a state of the art performance evaluation method and the answer was found to be: It depends!

 

In this work, the performance of two engine configurations is assessed. In the first one, the single shaft gas turbine operates at constant shaft rotational speed. Thus, the shape of the rotational speed line will have an important influence on the performance of the engine. To explore the implications of the shape of the speed line, two single shaft cases are examined. The first case is when the speed line is curved and as the compressor pressure ratio falls, the non-dimensional mass flow increases. The second case is when the speed line is vertical and as the compressor pressure ratio falls, the non-dimensional mass flow remains constant.

 

In the second configuration, one shaft couples a compressor and a turbine (often called the gas generator shaft). The second shaft couples the power turbine to the driven equipment. The two shafts can be controlled to operate at different rotational speeds and also varying relationships between the rotational speeds. The part-load operation is characterised by a reduction in the gas generator rotational speed.

 

The tool, which was used in this study, is a 0-D whole engine simulation tool, named Turbomatch. It was developed at Cranfield and it is based on mass and energy balance, carried out through an iterative method, which is based on component maps. These generic, experimentally derived maps are scaled to match the design point of a particular engine before an off-design calculation is performed. The code has been validated against experimental data, it has been used extensively for academic purposes and the research activities taken place at Cranfield University.

 

For an ideal cycle, the single shaft engine was found to be a clear winner in terms of part-load thermal efficiency. However, this picture changed when realistic component maps were utilised. The basic cycle and the shape of component maps had a profound influence on the outcome.

 

The authors explored the influence of speed line shapes, levels of component efficiencies and the variation of these component efficiencies within the operating range. This paper describes how each one of these factors, individually, influences the outcome.


Off-Design Performance Comparison Between Single and Two-Shaft Engines: Part 1 \u2014 Fixed Geometry

Division / Sponsor:
International Gas Turbine Institute (IGTI)

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/GT2020/volume/84058

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