Since the emerging of dental implants, research efforts have been focused on increasing their long-term stability. Primary stability plays an essential role in maintaining a long-term stable dental implant. Several methods were advocated to increase this factor. Osseodensification is a newly developed technique that aims to utilize the biomechanics of natural bone to increase dental implant stability. Its principle is to densify jawbones around the implant instead of removing the bone using special tools. This technique has been tested on several animal models and deemed effective. This study aims to compare, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the stress generated on a jawbone during implant insertion and pull-out using conventional drilling (CD) and Osseodensification drilling (OD) techniques in four different areas of the jaw. Cone-beam CT scans of four different edentulous patients were obtained. Each scan was taken to represent four anatomical structures; anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible. Each sample was modeled into STL files and exported for FEA. Assumptions were made to resemble osseodensification technique and conventional drilling technique after drilling for implant placement. Implant insertion, as well as removal, were simulated in the four bone models for the two different drilling techniques. The jawbone consists of two main parts: Cortical Bone and Cancellous Bone. In this paper, materials distribution is set to be homogeneous throughout each part. The outer part of the jaw is made of Cortical Bone, while the inner part is made of Cancellous Bone and the implant is made of Titanium. A table showing the properties of these materials has been generated based on the Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. In the Osseodensification technique, a new densified region forms with new material properties. These new properties have been obtained by extrapolating a graph that shows the relation between density and elasticity. Material distribution of the densified regions is assumed to have a non-homogenous linear pattern according to the mechanical behavior that the bone has when exposed to compaction, and its gradual variation complies with the graph-related slope equations. Von-Mises stress for cortical and Cancellous bone was significantly higher in the conventional technique in comparison to their values in the osseodensification technique as densified regions have absorbed most of the stresses and restricted their propagation so that cortical and cancellous bones would experience less stress as shown in the obtained figures and graphs. The same phenomenon has been observed in the implant pull-out bone model. The osseodensification drilling technique positively was found to affect the primary stability of dental implants compared to the conventional drilling technique. The bone types present in different jaw bone regions react differently to this technique according to the percentage of trabecular bone to cortex.


A 3D Finite Element Analysis Study of the Jawbones Response to Osseodensification and Conventional Drilling

Division / Sponsors: 
Aerospace, Bioengineering, Applied Mechanics, Design Engineering Division, Advanced Energy Systems, Manufacturing Engineering Division, Noise Control and Acoustics, Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Prognosis (NDPD), Nuclear Engineering Division, Process Industries Division, Fluids Engineering, Heat Transfer, Materials, Microelectromechanical Systems, Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis, Computers & Information in Engineering


Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/IMECE2020/volume/84478

IMECE2020 - Virtual Conference

Supporting the need among researchers worldwide for additional online and multimedia content, ASME now offers the ASME Conference Video Collection. This platform will collect and provide long-term access to conference presentation videos, encompassing all technology areas within ASME's technical conference and events program. About 30,000-40,000 engineers across all mechanical engineering and related disciplines participate in ASME conferences each year. This includes authors of approximately 6,000 to 8,000 technical papers published by ASME, the majority of whom also submit video presentations for our virtual conferences. The video collection will be available as an add-on to existing product packages or as a separate subscription.