From an environmental point of view, a wide range of organic pollutants of different nature have been studied by using BDD-SO42−/SO4*−/S2O82− systems, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, dyes, petroleum hydrocarbons, industrial chemicals and so on, considering synthetic and real effluents as well as to treat effluents generated during the treatment of soil matrices (by using soil washing, electrokinetic soil remediation or soil flushing). Also, similar approaches have been investigated as alternatives for microorganism’s inactivation by electrodisinfection or food control applications. Note that when BDD-SO42−/SO4*−/S2O82− systems are used, heterogenous *OH are electrochemically generated in concomitance. Although *OH is a very reactive oxidizer, it has an important limitation, a very short half-life; so, it is necessary that the species to be oxidized is very close to the electrode surface (Nernst layer). Meanwhile, it is well-known that persulfate has a half-life greater than that of the *OH, and its stability favors solution diffusion. Then, BDD-SO42−/SO4*−/S2O82− and BDD/heterogenous-(*OH) systems have been mainly used as in-situ approaches (when the water matrices contain SO4*− and S2O82− precursors dissolved as well as the target pollutant or microorganisms to be eliminated). From the aforementioned BDD-SO42−/SO4*−/S2O82− system features and advantages, no information has been published yet regarding the storage capacity and service-life solution, after its electrochemical synthesis with BDD. For this reason, the objective of this work is to produce the persulfate electrochemically and evaluate these parameters to propose BDD-SO42−/SO4*−/S2O82− system as an ex-situ oxidation tool for environmental applications, for example, soil washing. Persulfate-soil washing approach was attained to remove dye from soil. Results indicated that, methyl orange (MO) was removed efficiently from soil when a solution of persulfate electrogenerated was used as soil washing procedure. Oxidation power of persulfate played a key role in the elimination of MO from soil as well as from water solutions, avoiding the generation of high polluted effluent, which should be treated by a post-treatment.

Green use of persulfate electrogenerated at boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes: Storage capacity, service-life solution, and application in soil washing

ACS Fall 2021

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