Various modern forms of chemical apparatus can find their origins in alchemical traditions, many of which have been attributed to the first century alchemist Maria the Jewess.  Specific inventions for which she is credited include distillation apparatus, the water-bath (which is still called the bain-marie in France), and the kerotakis apparatus. Unfortunately, little is really known about Maria other than writings ascribed to her, which survive only in quotations by the later alchemist Zosimos. Yet, Maria remains the earliest known female figure in the history of chemistry and a notable contributor to chemical instrumentation. The current collected knowledge concerning Maria and her contributions will be presented.

The mother of invention: Maria the Jewess and early contributions to chemical apparatus

ACS Fall 2021

The official archive and repository for all ACS Meetings & Expositions abstracts and select posters or presentations.