The physical and chemical properties of air-water interfaces are significantly different compared to their bulk counterpart. For understanding these properties, techniques are needed for interfacial characterization. In this regard, nonlinear optics has been utilized. Herein, we investigate the air-water interface using second harmonic generation spectroscopy under an external electric field. We observe a parabolic response with an intensity minimum at a positive value. Through analysis of the minimum and the magnitude of the second harmonic, we then shed light on the interfacial structure of the air-water interface.

Electric field-induced second harmonic generation at the air-water interface

ACS Fall 2021

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