Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are a class of ligand-gated calcium channels located on the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores critical for muscle contraction. Diamides (IRAC Group 28) are presently the only commercialized insecticides which act via RyR modulation. The diamides were first commercialized in 2006 and now comprise &gt;12% of the insecticide market with continued growth. Extensive use of diamide insecticides has led to global resistance across multiple lepidopteran pests. Among resistant populations, multiple target site mutations have been identified.<br/>Here we review the molecular basis for diamide action, insect selectivity and target-based resistance. Further, we describe a non-diamide class of RyR activators, pyrrole-2-carboxamides, and their interaction with insect RyRs. Lastly, studies on utility of RNA interference for the RyR will be discussed.

Ryanodine receptor insecticides: A retrospective look at diamide binding, selectivity and target-based resistance

ACS Fall 2021

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