The brain is by far the most heterogeneous organ, and it is critically important to monitor various brain regions simultaneously in order to understand complex pharmacological, drug, and behavioral states. Therefore, it is important to make high temporal resolution neurochemical measurements to study the phasic firing of neurons in several brain regions concurrently. Voltammetry is an electroanalytical method used to measure neurotransmitters and other biomolecules. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been utilized used to detect several important neurochemicals <i>in vivo</i>. FSCV allows for high temporal measurements (&lt; 100 msec) of neurotransmitter levels. The neurotransmitters will be determined by the shape and positions of their respective voltammograms. Some of the many applications of this technique could be measuring neurochemical changes during epileptic seizures with simultaneous EEG measurements in rodents, drug abuse studies, measuring robust dopamine increases during deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian models, and possibly many others. This work will also discuss the development of multielectrode arrays (MEAs) for neurotransmitter detection with FSCV in multiple brain regions simultaneously. Parylene and silicon insulated carbon fiber microelectrode arrays were shown to be able to measure neurochemicals in multiple brain regions simultaneously when coupled with multichannel potentiostats. Moreover, we have utilized techniques such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition to deposit conductive carbon nanospikes onto the surface of existing metal multielectrode arrays to give them dual functionality as neurotransmitter sensors with FSCV in addition to being used primarily for electrical stimulation and recording. Other assays have shown the utility of electrodepositing carbon nanotubes and polymers such as PEDOT to coat metal arrays with carbon to give them dual sensing capabilities.

Carbon fiber multielectrode arrays for the simultaneous measurements of neurochemicals with fast scan cyclic voltammetry

ACS Fall 2021

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