Nutrition is an important life-style factor and more importantly a necessity for all living beings to strive. A balanced diet has been related to the reduced incidence of a variety of diseases, including cardiometabolic ones, but also a variety of cancers. A balanced diet has been proposed by WHO to be able to prevent 80% of heart diseases and almost all cases of diabetes type 2. A diet moderate in energy, saturated fats, sugars and salt, but sufficient in proteins, unsaturated fatty-acids, containing all essential nutrients and dietary fiber can have positive implications on bodily functions, including improving blood lipids, hypertension, having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, preventing muscle-mass losses during ageing and reducing the risk of osteoporosis, among many other. In 2017, 11 mio. deaths and 255 disability adjusted life years were lost in 195 countries due to poor dietary habits according to a landmark LANCET paper, similar to DALYs of ischemic heart disease. However, it also has been emphasized that there exists a large heterogeneity in personal responses to dietary interventions, such as to increasing plant-based items. The underlying reasons include genetic and epigenetic variations, differences in host metabolism due to various life-style habits and also the gut microbiota. For instance, variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can result in 100 fold differences in digestion, absorption and metabolism of certain nutrients and such variability is expected to translate also into variability of health outcomes. Thus, dietary adaptations that are more targeted to the individual’s needs than the usual age and gender adaptations, accounting for additional host-related aspects such as mentioned above, may yield better health outcomes than a “one fits all” approach. This is true for prevention but also for supportive dietary intervention during disease treatment. This presentation strives to give a brief overview about dietary aspects, related health outcomes, and potential targeted nutrition approaches that can contribute to more individual, personalized health approaches within precision public health.

Diet and nutrition in the context of Precision Public Health

Precision Public Health 2021 is organized by the Department of Precision Health [DoPH](https://www.lih.lu/page/departments/doph-department-of-population-health-779)from the Luxembourg Institute of Health. This webinar series will reflect on the transition that is currently happening from traditional Population Health to Precision Public Health. Experts from the Department of Precision Health at LIH, together with internationally recognized scientists, will discuss the current state of the art in the field of Precision Public Health, covering complementary topics such as Prevention, Omics for Public Health, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence and Socioeconomic Inequalities.