Purpose/Objectives
To describe the radiologist’s dual role in the management of hemoptysis, both in diagnosis using bronchial artery angiography (BAA) and in the treatment using bronchial artery embolization (BAE).
To present a retrospective study describing our Hospital Centre’s experience with BAE in the treatment of hemoptysis, specifically evaluating the efficacy and safety and incidence of recurrent bleeding in patients with hemoptysis due to different etiologies.
Methods & Materials
This retrospective study comprises a 4-year period, between January 2017 and January 2021. It includes the patients with haemoptysis who were referred to the Interventional Radiology Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João for diagnostic selective bronchial arteriography followed by BAE treatment of hemoptysis. 132 patients were eligible.
Results
•Bronchiectasis followed by pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae  were the most common cause of hemoptysis. The most common angiographic alterations of hemoptysis during BAA were vessel ectasia and tortuosity, followed by hypervascularity, shunting, parenchymal staining and contrast extravasation. There was a preference for the superselective embolization technique with a microcatheter. The most commonly utilized embolization agentes were polivinyl alcohol article (PVA) and coils. Complications were rare and self-limited, no active therapy was required. Hemoptoic recurrence occurred in a minority of patients, which was controlled with another embolization. 
Conclusion
BAE following diagnostic BAA is a well-established minimally invasive treatment option for all grades of hemoptysis, with different etiologies. BAE, and in particular the superselective microcatheter embolization technique, is a safe and effective method in the treatment of bronquial bleeding, both in acute severe and chronic recurrent hemoptysis. Recurrent bleeding can be treated using a BAE or surgery.

Purpose/Objectives
To describe the radiologist’s dual role in the management of **hemoptysis**, both in **diagnosis** using **bronchial artery angiography (BAA)** and in the **treatment** using **bronchial artery embolization (BAE).**
To present a retrospective study describing our Hospital Centre’s experience with **BAE** in the treatment of **hemoptysis**, specifically evaluating the **efficacy** and **safety** and incidence of **recurrent bleeding** in patients with hemoptysis due to different etiologies.
Methods & Materials
This retrospective study comprises a 4-year period, between January 2017 and January 2021. It includes the patients with **haemoptysis** who were referred to the Interventional Radiology Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João for **diagnostic selective bronchial arteriography** followed by **BAE treatment of hemoptysis.** 132 patients were eligible.
Results
•**Bronchiectasis** followed by **pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae**  were the most common **cause** of hemoptysis. The most common angiographic alterations of hemoptysis during **BAA** were **vessel ectasia** and **tortuosity**, followed by **hypervascularity**, **shunting**, **parenchymal staining** and **contrast extravasation.** There was a preference for the **superselective embolization technique with a microcatheter**. The most commonly utilized embolization agentes were polivinyl alcohol article (PVA) and coils. Complications were **rare** and **self-limited**, no active therapy was required. **Hemoptoic recurrence** occurred in **a minority of patient**s, which was controlled with **another embolization.** 
Conclusion
**BAE** following diagnostic **BAA** is a well-established **minimally invasive** treatment option for **all grades of hemoptysis**, with **different etiologies**. BAE, and in particular the **superselective microcatheter embolization technique**, is a **safe and effective** method in the treatment of **bronquial bleeding, both in acute severe** and **chronic recurrent hemoptysis**. **Recurrent bleeding** can be treated using a **BAE or surgery.**

Bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis: Our Hospital’s Experience

The Winter Course 2021 covers a variety of topics from basics in interstitial lung disease, infections including Covid-19, malignancies, lung cancer screening, and artificial intelligence. The combination of topics is aimed to serve as a good introduction to radiologists embarking on a career in thoracic imaging as well as a solid refresher for experienced thoracic radiologists.

[ESTI Winter Course 2021 Evaluation Form](https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PP9WFTJ?sid=%5Bsid_value%5D&uid=%5Buid_value%5D&tkn=%5Btkn_value%5D&cgrid=%5Bcgrid_value)