<p>Trauma fixation hardware, which are surgically implanted to set broken bones during healing in a process known as open reduction internal fixation, require high strength in areas where screws are located yet low weight elsewhere. These conflicting requirements are imperative to create patient-specific implants and can be achieved using metallic, heterogeneous biomaterials. However, designing and manufacturing these biomaterials is a challenging, state-of-the-art research area. In this work, finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the stress and strain states resulting from varying the deformation of stainless steel 316L under biaxial loading. The forming deformation paths can be intentionally manipulated to promote the stress-assisted phase transformation from austenite to martensite altering the material properties, e.g., increasing the strength and decreasing ductility, and inducing the heterogeneity of the part. To that end, a novel biaxial specimen geometry was designed in collaboration with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to achieve large strain values in the gauge region and as a result, enhance martensitic transformations. Special care was taken to ensure that the specimen design could be manufactured in as few steps as possible with readily available resources, namely water jet cutting and milling machines with standard cutting tool sizes. Simultaneously, the specimen design criteria required the achievement of an acceptable strain uniformity in a sufficiently large gauge section to allow for accurate deformation measurements and phase fraction characterization.</p>

Numerical Analysis of Stainless Steel 316l Biaxial Cruciform Specimens Under Proportional Loading Paths

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/MSEC/MSEC2021/volume/85062

2021 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC2021)

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