<p class="MsoNormal">Coronary artery disease is due to the abnormal contraction of heart supply blood vessel. It can lead to serious complications such as a heart attack. This contraction in the blood vessels limits the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. Thus, diagnosing its severity helps physicians to select the appropriate treatment plan. Most of the commonly diagnostic methods are qualitative. In fact, it is required to have some sort of quantitative methods for more accurate severity diagnosis, and in return better treatment plans could be attained. The two main quantitative methods in stenosis diagnosis are intravascular ultrasound and fractional flow reserve. &nbsp; Intravascular ultrasound quantifies the severity of the stenosis based on knowing the hydraulic diameters of the artery and the stenosis throat. The value of fractional flow reserve is defined as the ratio of the maximal myocardial blood flow in the presence of a stenosis to the theoretical normal maximal flow in the same distribution. Blood flow is proportional to pressure in case of minimal and constant resistance. Fractional flow reserve is the most accurate diagnostic method because it measures the reduction in blood flow. The flow is distributed between coronary branches. However, the stenosis could change the blood distribution percentage. Accordingly, some branches could have further reduction in blood flow. The aim of this study is measuring the blood distribution percentage and reduction in each branch in right coronary artery real geometry experimentally and numerically. The geometry used is a real right coronary artery geometry acquired using computed tomography (CT) scan. Moderate stenoses with 60 % area ratio are added in three locations. The three-dimensional geometries are constructed using 3d printing with constant pressure at the inlet achieved by overhead tank. The fluid used is water due to availability and health issues. The flow in each branch is measured and compared with the value in case of healthy artery. On the other hand, A comprehensive three-dimensional computational flow model is developed. The comprehensive model is validated using the experimental results. The validated model is used to predict the results in case of non-Newtonian blood flow. Blood is considered non-Newtonian pulsatile flow. Based on the predicted results, the flow distribution percentage in each branch is measured. Additionally, the flow reduction in each branch is calculated. The results could lead to a better diagnostic method based on the reduction in blood flow in each branch not on the main branch only.</p>

Effect of Stenosis Location on the Flow Distribution in Coronary Branches: Experimental and Numerical Study of Stenosis Location on the Flow Field in Coronary Branches: Experimental and Numerical Study

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/IMECE2021/volume/85543

ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2021)

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