<p>Additive manufacturing (AM) is getting popular in aerospace and biomedical industries due to its advantage over substructure manufacturing, such as materials saving, reducing waste, sustainability, and producing complex geometry. Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) techniques, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) processes are popular additive manufacturing techniques for printing metals such as Titanium. The potential applications of three-dimensionally (3D) printed titanium include rotor blade, turbine, propeller, wing sleeve, hip replacements, and dental implants. In many of these applications, titanium is subjected to wear due to continuous interaction with mating surfaces, solid particle erosion, or fluid impingements. Therefore, the feasibility of the applications of additively manufactured titanium parts requires acceptable tribological properties alongside acceptable mechanical and fatigue properties. Although additively manufactured (AM) titanium's mechanical and fatigue properties are well reported in the published literature, studies of tribological properties (i.e., sliding behavior, friction , and erosion behavior) of additively manufactured titanium are very limited. In this experimental study, the erosion behavior of as-built and machined EBM Ti6Al4V specimens has been thoroughly investigated. Electron beam melted Ti6Al4V specimens built at two different orientations (i.e., horizontal 0° and vertical 90°) have been eroded according to ASTM G76 standard with silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the abrasive material. To understand the effects of the angle of attack on erosion wear mechanism, three angles of attack have been considered for this experiment. These angles of attack are 20°, 30°, and 90°. The erosion behavior was evaluated by two methods; by measurement of the amount of material removed, and by measurement of the depth of erosion scar using optical techniques. It has been found that the erosion behavior is dominated by ductile cutting regardless of built orientation. The 30° and 90° angles of attack, respectively, caused the maximum and the minimum erosion rate during solid particle impingement. The surface topography was evaluated using both optical and contact type profilometer. Both line roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rt, Rv) and two-dimensional roughness parameters (Sa, Sv, Sz) have been measured. Multipoint microhardness was also measured prior to and after erosion. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been employed in evaluating microstructure before and after erosion. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) has been utilized in order to do element mapping and identify microstructural phase change induced by erosion. The erosion mechanism of EBM printed titanium at both built orientations is discussed based on SEM images, EDX, and surface profilometry.</p>

Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Ti6Al4V at Different Built Orientation

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/IMECE2021/volume/85543

ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2021)

Supporting the need among researchers worldwide for additional online and multimedia content, ASME now offers the ASME Conference Video Collection. This platform will collect and provide long-term access to conference presentation videos, encompassing all technology areas within ASME's technical conference and events program. About 30,000-40,000 engineers across all mechanical engineering and related disciplines participate in ASME conferences each year. This includes authors of approximately 6,000 to 8,000 technical papers published by ASME, the majority of whom also submit video presentations for our virtual conferences. The video collection will be available as an add-on to existing product packages or as a separate subscription.