<p>Some applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are mobile and stationary energy storage systems such as electric vehicles (full electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid), different types of aircraft, and renewable energy technologies. LIBs can play a tremendous role in replacing the large rate dependence of nations on fossil fuels due to high storage energy density. They also have a high cost due to different reasons such as the Li-ion chemistries associated with the material costs, as well as the other manufacturing costs. One of the solutions to reduce the cost of LIBs is to apply them for second-use applications. Degradation of LIBs is always of concern for any application due to side reactions. To predict the life of cells correctly, it is better to cover all behaviors leading to capacity-fade or resistance growth. This study discusses the degradation-rate of a LIB at two stages of life for both first- and second-uses. Empirical models can be used to measure capacity-fade, resulting from the battery degradation. The duty-cycle of the commercial LIB for a typical passenger aircraft, such as the Bombardier CRJ200, was obtained. For this purpose, the velocity and altitude of the aircraft were monitored during a typical flight, and the instantaneous mechanical power of the aircraft was obtained by modeling. Then, the duty-cycle of a LIB cell in the battery pack was yielded. The life prediction of the LIB in electrical energy storage for aircraft was studied. Although many studies have been done to evaluate performance and durability of LIB cells and packs for vehicle applications, there are no studies of the application of LIBs in electric and hybrid aircraft. The degradation-rate of the battery for a typical light-weight passenger aircraft with a flight range of less than 1000 km was then presented by using an empirical modeling method. The results showed that the A123 battery (20 Ah) degraded after 6 months at 45°C and 80% State of charge (SoC)&nbsp;and after 1.8 years at 45°C and 80% depth of discharge (DoD)&nbsp;by assuming that the battery should be retired when the rate of degradation reaches 15% of its nominal capacity. It also showed that the Kokam battery (75Ah) battery degraded after 2.85 years at 45°C and 80% DOD. It was found that a retired first-use LIB cell is durable enough to be utilized in many second-use applications which can have lots of environmental benefits.&nbsp;Several items related to the second-used of LIBs will be discussed in this paper.</p>

A Study on Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries for In Aircraft Applications

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/IMECE2021/volume/85543

ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2021)

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