1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; OBJECTIVES/SCOPE: Please list the objectives and scope of the proposed paperThe objective of this study is to investigate wettability alteration behaviour during low salinity waterflood (LSWF) process in a tight carbonate reservoirs through Zeta potentiometric studies in conjunction with spontaneous imbibition tests and estimation of the contact angle between the wetting fluid and the rock surface. &nbsp;This will help in understanding the role rock-oil-brine interactions play during an LSWF process.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS PROCEDURES, PROCESS: Briefly explain your overall approach, including your methods, procedures and process.The classical streaming potential technique were used to determine Zeta potential. Measurements were carried out with diluted brines using different rock samples of different states: oil-saturated, low-saline water-saturated and high saline water-saturated. Rock samples were cleaned with organic solvents to remove any likely variations in surface charge interactions during these measurements. These measurements were done at room temperature using a commercial electro-kinetic analyser. The pH of different diluted brines was kept constant to negate the effect of pH on Zeta potential. The wettability alteration behaviour was monitored through real-time visualization tests during spontaneous imbibition at reservoir conditions of high pressure and temperature in a visual cell. The contact angles changes were estimated from the visual images captured during the imbibition process as a function of time.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS, OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS: Please describe the results, observations and conclusions of the proposed paper.The results of our experiments imply that the value of zeta potential either becomes more negative with increasing percentage of dilution (25%, 10%, and 1%). This can be attributed to electrical double-layer expansion which is primarily caused by reduced ionic strength. We concluded that rock saturated with oil may give an insight on oil rock interactions while the rock saturated with brine may give insight on rock-brine interactions. Dilution of water increases the electrostatic repulsive forces between the two interfaces and helps in incremental recovery during LSWF process. This observation was also confirmed by coreflooding and wettability experiments through spontaneous imbibition tests and contact angle measurements conducted using the same oil-brine-rock systems.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Please explain how this paper will present novel (new) or additive information to the existing body of literature that can be of benefit to a practicing engineer.This study is an investigation of oil-brine-rock interaction behaviour during a LSWF process that are difficult to study during a conventional coreflooding test. In addition, this study, in conjunction with results from the wettability tests, helps provide an insight and relationship between the wettability alteration and oil-brine-rock interactions during an LSWF process.

Wettability Alteration During Low-Salinity Waterflooding in  a Deep Tight Carbonate Reservoirs: A Quantitative and Visual Investigation Through Spontaneous Imbibition and Zeta Potentiometric Studies

Paper Proceedings: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/OMAE/OMAE2021/volume/85116

OMAE 2021

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