Tumor cell-derived exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry unique surface compositions derived from their cells of origin. The exosomes play a vital role in the development of cancer by creating a biological milieu in which primary tumor cells can interact with their microenvironment to enhance cancer cell survival, proliferation, and the evasion of immune surveillance. Recent studies suggest that tumor cells can evade immune inspection by secreting excessive exosomes with surface expression of PD-L1. Here we present a novel on-chip nanoplasmonic sandwich immunoassay based on Au@Ag core-shell nano-bipyramids and gold nanorods. The nanoplasmonic chip allows rapid, sensitive quantification of exosomes and also accurate subtyping exosomes upon PD-L1 expression levels on vesicles. The developed platforms provide new methods for tumor cell-derived exosome detection and analysis that have high potential as a future clinical diagnostic tool for monitoring cancer progression and anticancer drug efficacy.

Au@Ag nanobipyramids based nanoplasmonic sandwich immunoassay for tumor-derived exosome detection and exosomal PD-L1 profiling

ACS Spring 2022

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