Blends were prepared from military jet fuel JP-5 and biodiesels that had been synthesized from 15 biooils using methanol and potassium hydroxide. The biodiesels were analyzed using gas chromatography(GC)/mass spectrometry and GC/flame ionization detection. The main components found were methyl esters with 13 to 18 carbon atoms. Each fuel and its mixture with JP-5 were analyzed for density, viscosity, flash point, and derived cetane number (DCN) and compared to specifications for military diesel fuel. Most of the biodiesels had densities that were higher than the military specification, and half of the biodiesels had viscosities that were too high. All biodiesels had flash points above the military specification, and only one biodiesel had a DCN below the military specification. Biodiesel surface tensions were higher than the 26.0 mN/m<sup> </sup>measured for JP-5, and biodiesel bulk moduli ranged were higher than the 1444 MPa for JP-5. JP-5, castor, soy, corn, coconut and palm oil biodiesels and 20% and 50% mixtures of the biodiesels in JP-5 were combusted in a Yanmar diesel engine. Combustion metrics of ignition delay, maximum rate of heat release, peak pressure, and thermal efficiencies were determined. The greatest variation in combustion and physical properties were found for blends containing castor oil, palm oil, and coconut oil biodiesels.

Biodiesel blends with military jet fuel JP-5: Properties and diesel engine combustion

ACS Spring 2022

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