Advanced oxidation technology can be more effective and efficient in the application of removing organic matter in water, compared with the traditional process. Wherein, piezoelectric catalysis is an emerging and green advanced oxidation technology for water treatment with piezoelectric materials. In this work, barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, BTO) piezoelectric catalysis for degrading sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a representative antibiotic in water, was investigated. BTO was prepared and optimized in nano-size via a novel hydrothermal method. The BTO nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer. BTO exhibited excellent piezoelectric catalytic activity for SMX degradation, and more than 90% of degradation efficiency was observed within 15 min under the ultrasonic vibration. Various effects of initial concentration of SMX, BTO dosage, pH value, and background constituents in water (inorganic ions and natural organic matters) on the degradation performance were comparatively discussed. Results indicated that pH was a crucial influence factor in BTO piezoelectric process. Several specific radical scavengers combined with electron paramagnetic resonance were applied to explore the mechanism of high reaction activity of BTO catalysis. Results revealed that reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen) played a significant role in this process. Further experiments of reusability, toxicity, and stability showed its broad prospects for practical application. Overall, this work may provide new insights into the BTO catalytic method for the water treatment of trace organic pollutants.

Synthesis, characterization, and piezoelectric catalytic performance of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles

ACS Spring 2022

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Synthesis, characterization, and piezoelectric catalytic performance of BaTiO3 nanoparticles

Synthesis, characterization, and piezoelectric catalytic performance of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles