Alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) is a membrane-spanning non-heme diiron enzyme with a histidine-rich coordination site, first identified 50 years ago, responsible for catalyzing the hydroxylation of the majority of medium-to-long straight chain alkanes in the environment. AlkB catalyzes the hydroxylation of terminal alkanes, the epoxidation of alkenes, and, in selected cases, the desaturation of alkanes. Despite its importance in the global carbon cycle, relatively little is known about this large and widely-distributed class of hydroxylases. We have studied the reaction mechanism and substrate specificity of AlkB from Pseudomonas putida GPo1. More recently we have expressed and characterized the catalytic activity of AlkB from 6 additional organisms: the marine organism Alcanivorax borkumensis AP1, Dietzea cinnamea, Polaromonas naphthalenivorans, Thermomonospora curvata, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Fontimonas thermophila. Targeted mutations and a careful comparison of amino acid sequences have shed light on structure-function relationships in this important class of integral member monooxygenases. We are simultaneously studying the catalytic activity of two structurally-related enzymes: xylene monooxygenase and UndB. Functional studies on these non-heme diiron hydroxylases, interpreted in light of recently published crystal structures of two related enzymes, the fatty acid desaturase steroyl-CoA desaturase[1][2] and sphingolipid alpha-hydroxylase (Scs7p), a yeast homolog of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H)[3], answer some questions about structure-function relationships in this important class of metalloenzymes and raise others.

Exploring the structure and function of alkane monooxygenase (AlkB): A key metalloenzyme in the environment

ACS Spring 2022

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