The thrust for resilient and efficient power systems and for a wider adoption of renewables calls for innovations in energy storage technologies. Supercapacitors fill in a gap between batteries and electrolytic capacitors, but still leave a niche in terms of storage capacity and power output. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered promising environmental-friendly electrolytes that could overcome several limitations. Key to their functionality is their interfacial structure near the electrode surface and the mobility of ions near and within such structures. Through a nano-mechanical/rheological approach, we measure the interfacial properties of ILs and contribute to the current debate on the non-classic behavior of this highly concentrated electrolyte by providing a new perspective that links bulk and near-surface surface. By measuring the nanorheology of ILs through narrow spaces, we identify the trend transition from a liquid-like to a solid-like behavior under nanoconfinement, which is expected to influence the transport of charge and thus the power output.

Interfacial structures and mobility of ionic liquids

ACS Spring 2022

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