Human urine is one of the common liquid by-product of metabolism in both humans and many other animals. It is a complex solution comprising of water, microbes, organic and inorganic compounds of which the highest constituent are water and urea. The complex nature of urine and its abundance makes it a pollutant and a burden to the environmental soil and water. Its inorganic constituent includes elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, chloride and sulphate. Although, the organic portion has been used for material synthesis, there is little or no attention on the utilization of these inorganic constituent of urine for material synthesis. Hence, the current investigation is to prepare novel material comprising NaCl, KCl and CaS as a composite nanoparticles from the inorganic salts present in human urine. The antioxidant properties of the material were studied in a 96-well culture plates using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent incubated above room temperature. Finally, antibacterial activities of this novel nanoparticle system was studied against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using both well diffusion and disc diffusion assay. When compared with ascorbic acid, the synthesized nanoparticle was found to possess maximum antioxidant activity. It was also found to be active against the selected bacteria strain with zone of inhibition that is above 10mm in all tested bacteria.

Synthesis, characterization of halite/sylvite/CaS single nanoparticle system from fresh, unfiltered human urine and its biological investigations

ACS Spring 2022

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