At subzero temperatures, the performance of lithium-ion batteries declines rapidly, resulting in a lower voltage, less capacity, and shorter cycle life. This is attributed to the freezing of the non-solid electrolyte, which leads to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formation and weak permeation of electrolyte into the active material. Electrolyte freezing results in a significant decrease in the diffusivity of lithium ions into the cathode material and substantially increased charge-transfer resistance. In this research, the behavior of Li-ion batteries at subzero temperatures is investigated by employing electrochemical characterization methods such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra, and galvanostatic charge-discharge properties. Material characterization methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to examine the change in the electrode material to determine the reasons behind the performance degradation. The work presented herein contributes to the development of Li-ion batteries for low-temperature applications.

Low-temperature performance and the interphase issue of Li-ion batteries

ACS Spring 2022

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