The addition of pentamethylbenzene to acetylene is efficiently catalyzed by the dicationic palladium(II) catalysts [Pd(PNP)(C2H4)](SbF6)2. With a 2% catalyst load the reaction is complete in less than 30 min at 25 °C in the presence of 5-6 mol equiv of water/ mol catalyst. However, the reaction rate is highly sensitive to slight variation of reaction conditions, therefore accurate performance is crucial for reproducibility of the results. Temperature is one of most sensitive parameters. Following an accurate protocol high reproducibility of the recorded conversion curves could be achieved. Reaction parameters were studied again under more refined reaction conditions. Those include amount of water, solvent volume, substrate to catalyst ratio, and the type of pre-catalyst. The goal of these studies is the development of a more efficient catalytic system with higher productivity.

Palladium catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes: Reaction parameters revisited

ACS Spring 2022

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