**Description**
This paper focuses on a case study to compare the different types of trailing edge wing flaps that are used on modern-day commercial airliners and their performances. The aim is to observe trends in lift and drag with varying flap configurations and arrive at the most efficient flap configuration for flight. A series of 2-Dimensional analyses are carried out using computational fluid dynamics to examine the flow separation and occurrence of stalls between the different types of flaps. A two-equation, k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is used as it helps in better prediction of flow separation and boundary layer studies. Since the study is carried out for such passenger carriers, the study focuses on the lower transonic ranges with a Reynolds number range of 400,000 to 500,000 considering a scaled-down model and taking inspiration from related literature. The flaps are analyzed at different angles of release (0, 150, 250, 500), which are selected considering the angles that they are commonly deflected to during take-off and landing scenarios. A NACA0012 symmetrical airfoil is chosen with a fixed chord length for the wing and kept at 0 Angle of Attack with subsequent trailing edge flaps employed for examination. A data-driven approach is followed for the investigation of characteristics represented by the different designs, thus typical lift curve plots (Lift coefficient, Cl vs Deflection Angle, α), drag differences, and lift (Cl) -drag (Cd) graphs are presented to understand the comparative study. The results are discussed with respect to the data observed in the graphs and a viable conceptual configuration is selected. This insight, research, and design have led to the development of the research paper and it is hoped that this comparative study can be used to conduct further research in the field of aeronautics.

**Author(s) - ranked in descending order of contribution / as it should appear when published**
Kathan Bhavsar, Jessica Kartha



Comparative CFD analysis of different angles of trailing-edge fowler wing flaps

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