Tomato seeds are by-products of tomato processing, and they are rich in phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to understand the profiles of phenolic compounds in tomato seeds, and to evaluate their potential bioactivities. Phenolic compounds in the soluble free and soluble conjugated fractions were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Total phenolic content (TPC), free radical scavenging properties, and anti-proliferation effects against human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HTC-116) were also investigated. Totally 13 and 7 compounds were tentatively identified in soluble free and soluble conjugated fractions of tomato seeds, respectively. The TPC and free radical scavenging activities against ABTS cation, DPPH and peroxide radicals of soluble free fraction were 2.59 mg GAE/g, 11.92, 3.60 and 94.30 µmole TE/g, respectively. Whereas those values for soluble conjugated fraction were 0.23 mg GAE/g, 2.70, 0.60 and 12.41 µmole TE/g, respectively. Soluble free fraction could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116 cell line at concentration of 75 μg extracts/mL or higher, however, no inhibition effect was observed by using soluble conjugated fraction. The results suggests that tomato seeds extract can be potentially served as an ingredient in functional foods.

Soluble free and soluble conjugated phenolics in tomato seeds and their potential beneficial activities

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