Transition metal (TM) based upconversion luminescence (UCL) is limited to a few systems due to their stronger electron phonon interaction and lack of metastable intermediate states. Defect generated UCL is also hardly heard. In this study, we prepared SrMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+ co-doped with a TM ion (i.e. Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+, Fe3+ and Co2+) by hydrothermal synthesis process to modify the local environment of the host lattice and induce defects in the host system. We further investigated different synthesis conditions and post-synthesis heat treatment processes to tune the UCL behavior. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, and UCL measurements. Post-annealing of the SrMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+ samples enhanced their green UCL from the Er3+ (2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2) transition by &gt;10-100 folds. The SrMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+:TM samples showed stronger blue emission independent of the TM identify after annealing due to the formed defects. This defect induced UCL was further studied by compositional changes, emission decay analysis and temperature-based luminescence studies. This study suggests that TMs can be used to introduce defects to induce efficient UCL.

Transition metal induced blue and lanthanide generated green upconversion from SrMoO4

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