Laser-induced crystallization is a well-known light irradiation method in which intense laser pulses are applied in a solution to trigger nucleation and sustain crystal growth. In this work, the details of a newly-developed desalination-crystallization system based on laser-induced crystallization will be presented and discussed. The laser used to induce crystallization is the 2<sup>nd</sup> harmonic output of a pulsed nanosecond Nd: YAG laser. The yielded crystals' size, distribution, and shape will be characterized and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as a polarized light microscope (PLM). Two experimental layouts to induce nucleation will be shown; direct laser induction and indirect induction using photochemically–free laser-induced shockwaves. The nature and size of produced crystals via both experimental layouts will be correlated with laser energy, exposure time, and solution temperature and concentration. Moreover, the theory of optimal conditions to induce nucleation and to grow crystals, as well as the nucleation rate, will also be shown and related to experimental results.

Hybrid desalination-crystallization system based on laser-Induced shockwave nucleation

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