The electrochemical performance of energy storage devices such as batteries, is largely determined by the redox-active materials that behave as charge-carriers. To date numerous organic and inorganic redox-active species have been explored in different battery technologies. Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBAs) have gained high popularity as electrode materials, especially in batteries that employ ion-intercalation. This is mainly due to their open-framework structure as well as the redox tunability, which is centered on the redox activity of the transition metal centers in them. Synthetic routes have been reported on preparing dispersible forms of these PB and PBAs, and we hypothesized that dispersible PB and PBAs, when combined with their redox active metal centers, will be good candidates as charge-carriers in redox flow batteries (RFBs), with high energy storage capacities. Although the redox behavior of homogenous molecular species as well as heterogeneous material used in RFBs is fairly well-understood, that of dispersible nanoscopic architectures as charge-carriers is not well studied. Herein, we have looked into preparing dispersible PB and copper-PBA (CuPBA) and studying their redox behavior for an application towards flow battery devices. Characterization techniques include cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, powder and single crystal x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, UV-visible spectroscopy and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Understanding the redox chemistry of dispersible Prussian blue and Prussian blue analogs

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