Bio-based materials could potentially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and decrease dependence on fossil resources. However, the current literature shows significant discrepancies in the life cycle analysis (LCA) of bio-based materials. The discrepancies were due to the complexity in the production line and the LCA methodology. Manufacturing biobased materials involves a variety of feedstocks, pretreatment, fermentation, and purification technologies. LCA of biobased materials differs in the definition of system scope, handling of coproducts and wastes, and impact categories selection. The challenge of accurate unit process data and lack of uncertainty analysis is common to the current LCAs.  A modular LCA tool was developed to address the challenges above.  The data collection starts from resources from the public domain and aggregated data from manufactures. It is then refined and/or supplemented based on theoretical calculations, experts verifications, cross-referencing and process models. This process is transparent with less uncertainty and validated by industrial partners.

Life cycle assessment tool for sustainable bio-based coating material design

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