Acrolein and crotonaldehyde are not long widespread environment pollutants, but also present in relatively high amounts in cigarette smoke. Both of them can react directly with DNA to form the cyclic 1,N2-propano-deoxyguanosine adducts 8R/S-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrmido[1,2-a]purine-10-(3H)-one (γ-OH-Acr-dGuo) and the corresponding 6-methyl derivative (γ-OH-Cr-dGuo), respectively. If not repaired, these DNA adducts may play a key role in smoking related carcinogenesis. Due to their central role in the carcinogenic process, these DNA adducts can serve as important biomarkers for the assessment of exposure as well as for their association with risk of smoking and environmental pollutant-related cancers. The levels of these two DNA adducts were quantified in DNA extracted from oral brushings collected from 20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers who were free of cancer. After DNA was isolated and hydrolyzed enzymatically, the oral DNA samples were partially purified by centrifugal filtration and reverse phase solid-phase extraction. The eluents containing the adducts were dried, redissolved in 20 l H2O, and analyzed by LC-NSI-HRMS/MS with selected reaction monitoring of m/z 324 [M+H]+ →208.0829 [BH]+ and m/z 338 [M+H]+ → m/z 222.0986 [BH]+, respectively, with a mass tolerance of 5 ppm. The analysis resulted in levels of γ-OH-Acr-dGuo of 839.12 fmol/µmol dGuo in smokers, and 72.27 fmol/µmol dGuo in nonsmokers, and γ-OH-Cr-dGuo of 37.64 fmol/µmol dGuo in smokers, and 1.55 fmol/µmol dGuo in nonsmokers. The differences in both DNA adducts between smokers and non-smokers are statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Our results demonstrate that oral cells are excellent sources of material for evaluating DNA adducts as biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure and biomolecular changes potentially related to the development of cancer.

Quantitation of acrolein and crotonaldehyde-derived DNA adducts in oral brushings from smokers and nonsmokers using liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry

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ACS Fall 2022

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