Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its significance in saving fossil fuel and reducing carbon emission. Herein we fabricated an oxygen vacancies-rich LiFe0.5Mn1.5O4 material. The density of oxygen vacancies can be greatly increased when using nanorod like γ-MnOOH as Mn precursor, and can be further tuned by changing calcination temperature. The XPS O1s spectrum indicated that the peak area of oxygen vacancies can reaches 58.18% among the total oxygen. The catalytic performance of this material tested in H-type cell present a yield of 22.45 μgmgcat-1h-1 and faradic efficiency of 22.15% which is competitive with the recent published works. The researchers in the field of eNRR usually suffered from the poor reproducibility when they try to repeat the publication or their own works. We proposed some factors that can induce the error of testing result, and tips for better quantitative test. We also test the performance in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and the yield of ammonia increased more than 10 times. We find that the result of eNRR tested in MEA can be greatly influenced by many factors other than the catalyst, the melamine-derived carbon sponges was applicated as catalyst support. Compare to the carbon paper support, the carbonized sponge can increase both the ammonia yield, stability and reproducibility.

Oxygen vacancies-Rich spinel LiFe0.5Mn1.5O4 for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction

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