Oxygen vacancies can alter the density of states and photoconversion of metal oxides. In case of a low level of oxygen vacancies in metal oxides, oxygen vacancies can induce shallow or deep states, and create surface disorder. This will affect light absorption, charge separation, migration and recombination, which will modulate photocatalytic activity. In case of high level of oxygen vacancies in metal oxides, an abundance of states can be induced near the Fermi level. This will generate surface plasmon resonance under light excitation, which result in plasmonic hot electrons and holes that can be involved into photocatalytic activity.

Modulation of photocatalytic activity and surface plasmon of metal oxides by oxygen vacancies

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