Plume generation from descent rockets impinges on the lunar landing site regolith, rendering sites hazardous for landing due to possible deep cratering and interference from ejecta. Masten Space Systems and University of Central Florida are studying regolith cratering effects in different plume environments to understand cratering and landing pad durability. Testing is characterizing lunar surface ejecta particles (size, velocities, trajectories, and other geotechnical characteristics) during rocket powered landings and ascents and determining the rate and duration of mass ejection from cratering. Preliminary drop tower and rocket engine tests show scalable results. Data demonstrate the importance of developing methods to mitigate the effects of cratering and ejecta to enable a sustainable lunar presence. Different sizes of landers are also being investigated.

Access the Conference Proceedings Paper on ASCE Library 

Plume generation from descent rockets impinges on the lunar landing site regolith, rendering sites hazardous for landing due to possible deep cratering and interference from ejecta. Masten Space Systems and University of Central Florida are studying regolith cratering effects in different plume environments to understand cratering and landing pad durability. Testing is characterizing lunar surface ejecta particles (size, velocities, trajectories, and other geotechnical characteristics) during rocket powered landings and ascents and determining the rate and duration of mass ejection from cratering. Preliminary drop tower and rocket engine tests show scalable results. Data demonstrate the importance of developing methods to mitigate the effects of cratering and ejecta to enable a sustainable lunar presence. Different sizes of landers are also being investigated.

**[Access the Conference Proceedings Paper on ASCE Library](https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784483374.007)** 

Deep Regolith Cratering and Plume Effects Modeling for Lunar Landing Sites

This conference brought the experience and knowledge of experts in the aerospace industry together to share and discuss the latest research and engineering techniques that effect the exploration and settlement of space. Presentations were made in multiple concurrent symposia over three days. Topics included: Granular materials in space exploration, exploration in utilization of extra-terrestrial bodies, advanced materials and designs for aerospace and terrestrial structures under extreme environment, structures in challenging environments, and space engineering, construction, and architecture for the moon, Mars, and beyond.

Due to challenges with COVID-19, this 17th Biennial was moved to April 2021 and was offered in a virtual format.

[Paper Proceedings](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/book/10.1061/earthandspace2021)

Conference DOI: https://doi.org/10.26226/m.63243a3fb7ff860013acd57f