Characterization and application of nanoparticles represent an important topic of study since these materials can be used in Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Food, and Medicine. Carbon black nanomaterials obtained from organic sources have interesting intrinsic properties, the surface area being very important since it determines the interfacial area between it and the medium in which a certain volume of NP is dispersed. In the field of analytical chemistry, nanomaterials have been used as adsorbent materials for the extraction of analytes in increasingly complex matrices. One of the microextraction techniques cataloged under the green analytical chemistry approach is disposable syringe microextraction, known as DPX. Food safety is one of the important concerns of today's society, which is why new analytical methodologies capable of determining the presence of residues of organic pollutants and veterinary substances in low concentrations are increasingly necessary. One of these applications corresponds to the analysis of dexamethasone and ivermectin residues in bovine milk. Therefore, we develop an analytical method for the determination of these molecules in a food matrix by means of high-resolution liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), using DPX as a treatment technique with Carbon Black nanoparticles obtained from olive seeds as an absorbent material, an approach that, to the authors' knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. For the stage of obtaining the nanomaterials, the olive stones were cleaned and dried in a rotary oven at 200 °C, followed by a carbonization stage at 700 °C and activation under steam. The material was then ground to a fine black powder and dried at 120°C. After treatment with diluted H2SO4 and washing with distilled water, the material was impregnated with an aqueous solution of ZnCl2 as an activating agent for 7 h (impregnation ratio: 1 g ZnCl2/4 g starting material). Then, the product was filtered, washed, dried, and heated at 500 °C at 10 °C per min in a dynamic N2 atmosphere at a flow rate of 100 mL/min. The final temperature was maintained for 2h. The characterization of the nanomaterial was carried out by means of X-ray Diffraction, IR Spectroscopy, BET, and SEM. In the development stage of the extraction technique, different variables were optimized until high recovery percentages were obtained. The proposed analytical methodology was used to analyze commercial samples of bovine milk.

Characterization of carbon black nanoparticles (CBN) obtained from olive: Application for the determination of veterinary drugs in cow's milk by disposable pipette microextraction (DPX)

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