Discovery of new materials provides moments of inspiration and shifts in understanding, shaping the dynamic field of materials science. Closed-shell dichalcogenide structures discovered and explored by Reshef Tenne increased the variety and complexity of the nanomaterials family. Folloing the discovery of 2D Ti3C2 in 2011, 2D carbides, oxycarbides, carbonitrdes and nitrides of transition metals known as MXenes have further expanded the nanomaterials family. More than 30 different stoichiometric carbide and nitride MXenes have been reported, and the structure and properties of numerous other MXenes have been predicted. Moreover, the availability of solid solutions on M and X sites, multi-element high-entropy MXenes, control of surface terminations, and the discovery of out-of-plane ordered double-M o-MXenes (e.g., Mo2TiC2), as well as in-plane ordered i-MXenes offer a potential for producing dozens of new distinct structures. This presentation will describe the state of the art in the manufacturing of MXenes, their delamination into single-layer 2D flakes and assembly into films, fibers and 3D structures. Synthesis-structure-properties relations of MXenes will be addressed on the example of Ti3C2. The versatile chemistry of the MXene family renders their properties tunable for a large variety of applications.

2D carbides, nitrides, oxycarbides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) expand the nanomaterials world

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