Dyes released from industries to water reservoirs has become an environmental hazard due to the severe adverse effects they caused to all living being and hence the removal of dyes has become an emerging need. Sucrose-urea polymer was synthesized by mixing them in a 1:1 ratio and was successfully functionalized with KOH, FeCl3 and H3PO4 and are denoted as SU-KOH, SU-FeCl3 and SU- H3PO4 Adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbents was evaluated on adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from water. Synthesized adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscope, FT-IT spectrometer, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area analyzer. The optimum pH for the adsorption of MB to the above adsorbents 10 and the adsorption capacities of SU-KOH, SU-FeCl3 and SU-H3PO4 calculated at the above optimum pH value are 384, 101, and 73 mg/g. The concentration of MB was varied in the range of 100-500, 25-200 and 25-200 mg/L for SU-KOH, SU-FeCl3 and SU- H3PO4, respectively, and the adsorbent dosage was varied in the range of 10-30 mg. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model with the rate constants of 2.33x 10-6, 3.76 x 10-5 and 7.30 x 10-5 g mg-1 min-1 suggesting chemisorption of MB to the adsorbents. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were tested and were found that SU-KOH followed Temkin while SU-FeCl3 and SU-H3PO4 followed Freundlich isotherm models with rate constants of 56.25 L/mg, 10.28 L/g and 3.22 L/g, respectively. It was found that in general adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature suggesting that the adsorption to the above adsorbents is an endothermic process. The reusability of the adsorbents was evaluated, and it was found that the adsorption capacity dropped from 254 to 95, 124 to 72 and 139 to 53 mg/g moving from the first to the fifth cycle, respectively.

Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by sucrose-urea polymer functionalized with KOH, FeCl3 and H3PO4

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