Batteries can be used to store significant amounts of energy from solar and wind, making renewable energy practically more feasible. Batteries are also essential for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. To date, however, most lithium-ion batteries use nickel and cobalt as redox-active elements. With the surge of electric vehicles in recent years, the use of nickel and cobalt raw materials has ramped up and will continue to increase in the future. Nickel and cobalt are not cheap and have caused major supply chain concerns. Reducing or eliminating the use of nickel and cobalt represents a grand challenge toward developing low-cost, sustainable, safe, and high-energy batteries. In this presentation, we will first discuss our recent progress in eliminating the use of cobalt in lithium-ion batteries. We investigate the electrochemical properties of cobalt-free layered cathodes in various platforms, from conventional polycrystalline materials to size-tailored single crystals. Then, we will highlight a new class of nickel- and cobalt-free cathode materials with dual transition metal redox. Throughout the presentation, we will demonstrate how our battery research has been accelerated by fundamental investigations using synchrotron X-ray analytical techniques.

Layered cathodes in lithium-based batteries: Design and manufacturing

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ACS Spring 2023

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