Gynostemma pentaphyllun Makino is a medicinal and food plant. It has significant liver protection, anti-tumor activity, and maintenance of blood glucose and lipid balance. The tissues of rhizomes and leaves undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes, which are mainly related to the accumulation and transformation of flavonoids and terpenoids. To further understand the molecular mechanism, we performed a parallel analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome in different tissues of Gypenia using RNA sequencing (Rna-Seq) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) data. A total of 502323 transcripts (8361 DEGs) and 1665 metabolic compounds were identified in different tissue samples. We found differences in the functional expression characteristics of G. pentaphyllum root, stem and leaf in cell process, environmental information process, metabolism and organic system. Combined with the difference in gene expression and the content of flavonoids and terpenoids in rhizomes and leaves, we found that the expression of enzymes related to MVA and MEP pathways showed remarkable differences in rhizomes and leaves. The downstream modification genes of biosynthetic flavonoids and terpenoids were more expressed in leaves, consistent with a high content of substances. Therefore, post-modification genes were the main limiting factor of flavonoids and terpenoids synthesis. According to the difference in substance content and further mining of the KEGG pathway data annotated by UniGene, we speculate that c180137. graph_c0, c176950. graph_c0 and c177924. graph_c0 are important pathway genes of flavonoid biosynthesis, and c165591. graph_c0 and c171148. graph_c0 are essential pathway genes of terpene biosynthesis, which is of great significance to the study of gene expression regulation of G. pentaphyllum triterpene saponin biosynthesis. The follow-up study, combined with proteomic analysis, further explores the critical genes related to the synthesis pathway of triterpene saponins, which will lay a foundation for the expression of rare triterpene saponins in model organisms such as yeast and Escherichia coli.

Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals genes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> (Thunb.) Makino

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Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals genes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino