INTRODUCTION<br/>The interaction of a solid with its surroundings is through the available surface area for adsorption of gas or vapor molecules. Gas or vapor adsorption allows probing of materials surface including irregularities and pores. One of the most successful methods is based on the BET equation for gas adsorption onto a solid surface. The adsorption method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) is based on the physical adsorption of a vapor or gas onto the surface of a solid. Traditionally, sorption studies were carried out at low temperatures to obtain nitrogen isotherms at 77 K, which were then used to calculate BET specific surface areas. Considering that material behavior varies with temperature, measurements at ambient temperatures may be more relevant and also allow the use of various gases and vapors.<br/><br/>DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY<br/>The present study is devoted to a critical investigation of the specific surface area analysis of cellulosic materials, such as freeze-dried bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanopaper, natural fiber and synthetic cellulose fiber by gas and vapor adsorption using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) technique, volumetric technique and inverse Gas Chromatographic (iGC) technique. The favorable technique was proposed for cellulosic materials based on the results and the challenges of the experiments. Inorganic materials including the specific surface area standard materials can be successfully measured with these techniques, however, the applicability of these techniques on organic materials has to be investigated, because organic materials have poorer structural stability than inorganic materials. Extreme conditions can cause structural changes in organic materials, therefore, a technique which measure the specific surface are at ambient condition is favorable.

Challenges on specific surface area analysis of cellulosic materials

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